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The 10 british songbirds at risk of extinction, from the turtle dove to the marsh tit

Paula Lester Paula Lester

The latest figures on songbirds make for sobering reading.

Songbirds are defined as ‘perching birds’, because their specially adapted feet (with three toes facing forward and one back) allow them to grip on to branches and ledges, in gardens, parks, woodland and farmland.

As their name suggests, these passerines also emit beautiful and highly complicated songs that are best heard during the dawn chorus. According to the latest figures from the British Trust for Ornithology and RSPB, the following 10 species on the red list of Birds of Conservation Concern suffered some of the most rapid declines from 1967 to 2016:

Turtle dove

Streptopelia turtur — numbers down 98%

One of the reasons why this dainty dove (right) with its pale-pink breast and gentle, purring call is now increasingly rare is thought to be the lack of seed and grain available to it during the breeding season, which results in far fewer nesting attempts.

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Tree sparrow

Passer montanus — numbers down 96%

Shyer than house sparrows and more active, with a distinctive cocked tail, the tree-sparrow population plummeted between 1970 and 2008, but recent Breeding Bird Survey data suggests numbers may have started to increase, albeit from an extremely low base.

Nightingale

Luscinia megarhynchos — numbers down 93%

Slightly larger than robins, these plain brown birds — whose extraordinarily eloquent song features a quick succession of rich notes that few other species can reach — might no longer be so frequently seen (or heard) in Berkeley Square, but are found in their highest densities in Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, Kent and Sussex. They are migratory, overwintering in Africa and arriving in Britain in April, singing mainly during May and June.

common nightingale

Willow tit

Poecile montanus — numbers down 91%

With a large, black cap and a small black bib, willow tits are between blue and great tits in stature and, as their name suggests, tend to frequent lowland peat bogs, marshes and gravel pits, mainly in England and Wales.

Starling

Sturnus vulgaris — numbers down 89%

Although still one of our most common garden birds, the noisy and gregarious starling (whose feathers look black, but are actually lustrous green and purple), is doing badly everywhere else.

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Spotted flycatcher

Muscicapa striata — numbers down 87%

Masterful at catching insects — such as butterflies, moths, damselflies and crane flies — mid air, the brownish-grey fly-catcher switches to searching trees and shrubs for other morsels in bad weather.

Corn bunting

Emberiza calandra — numbers down 87%

A stout, dumpy bird, this lowland farmland bird is the largest of its brethren and is most often seen atop a wire or post, easily recognisable by its jangly song, fluttering flight and ‘dangling’ legs.

Tree pipit

Anthus trivialis — numbers down 86%

Fond of newly planted conifers or open heath, the streaked tree pipit has a buff-tinged breast and was once a widespread visitor to our shores. However, although the bird appears in high densities in the western uplands, its numbers have declined dramatically in central and southern England.

Lesser redpoll

Carduelis cabaret — numbers down 85%

Adept at hanging upside down to feed in trees, this finch adores birch and alder seeds, but also loves bird tables. A tiny bird with streaked brown feathers and red patches on its head, it breeds in woodland in Scotland, northern and eastern England and Wales.

Marsh tit

Poecile palustris — numbers down 80%

These mainly brown birds with a black cap and a dark bib are so tricky to distinguish from willow tits that scientists didn’t realise they were a separate species until 1897. They have good memories and, if seeds are plentiful, they hoard them for a rainy day.